小麦人工气温杀雄研究

利用塑料薄膜小棚,采用电热人工控温,以平均45～46℃的气温,对已抽穗的小麦处理2～3小时,收到较好的杀雄效果,其雌蕊仍有较好的受精结实能力.杀雄处理时期距始花期越近效果越好,以处理当天进入始花期的效果最佳.在控温杀雄条件下,不同部位的小穗和不同部位的小花杀雄效果不同.品种问对杀雄反应有所差异.     

木棉雄蕊特征与其繁殖策略的关系分析

采用野外观察和实验室检测方法,对云南省个旧市冷墩村的木棉花部结构、雄蕊特征、花粉活性进行研究.结果表明,自然种群中花部形态特征具有一定变异性,3层雄蕊变异系数大小关系显著.在湿度为60％、温度为35℃时花粉活性最强.研究发现,木棉雄蕊长短变化可能有利于不同传粉生物传粉效率提高和增强适应性;木棉高层雄蕊花药个体大、花粉数...     

毛茛科雄蕊结构的分类学价值

本文采用形态观察及GMA半薄切片法深入研究了毛茛科18属,37种,及5变种的雄蕊形态结构。结果显示雄蕊表面无毛或被非腺毛及腺毛。花丝呈丝状、条状、棒状、长三角形或短柱状,其薄壁组织胞间隙不明显或发达。花药侧面观为∞形、椭圆形、近圆形或条形;幼嫩花药横切面形状变化较大,为V形、Λ形、椭圆形、方形、∞形或蝶形;花粉囊间薄壁细胞排列呈V形、Λ形或直线形。成熟花药的花粉囊间薄壁细胞消失。部分幼嫩时横切面∞形的花药,成熟时变为椭圆形,而蝶形和方形的花药则变为∞形。花药及花丝的特征在属及种内是稳定的,可作为毛茛科属及组的分类学证据。本文完善了毛茛科花形态学研究,为进一步研究毛茛科系统学提供了新的形态学基础。     

广宁红花油茶花器官发生

利用扫描电镜观察了山茶科Theaceae山茶属Camellia红山茶组广宁红花油茶Camellia semiserrata Chi.的花器官发生过程.广宁红花油茶花被片呈螺旋形发生,心皮原基发生于环状分生组织,4～5枚心皮原基同时发生,在后来的发育过程中,心皮原基发育成合心皮雌蕊,心皮原基纵向伸长发育成合生花柱,柱头布满乳凸状细胞,柱头浅裂,一般3～5裂;雄蕊原基分为内轮雄蕊原基和外轮雄蕊原基,内轮雄蕊原基一般15～21枚同时发生于环状分生组织,外轮雄蕊原基也发生于环状分生组织,外轮雄蕊原基分为3～5层,其基部1/3～1/2合生,外轮雄蕊原基中同层的同时发生,不同层的雄蕊原基发生次序不同;广宁红花油茶的花器官发生与山茶科厚皮香亚科Ternstroemi-oideae杨桐属Adinandra Jack的阔叶杨桐Adinandra latifolia L.K.Ling和猪血木Euryodendron excelsun H.T.Chang明显不同.该研究为山茶属甚至于山茶科的系统发育与演化提供了花器官方面的依据.     

茉莉酸甲酯(JA-Me)对莴苣幼苗侧根原基形成及内源激素的影响

就茉莉酸甲酯（ＪＡ－Ｍｅ）对莴苣幼苗侧根原基的形成以及侧根原基形成过程中内源激素含量的影响进行了探讨。采用不同浓度ＪＡ－Ｍｅ以及分别配以生长素类试剂来处理莴苣幼苗,发现适当浓度的ＪＡ－Ｍｅ可促进其侧根原基形成且对萘乙酸（ＮＡＡ）、吲哚丁酸（ＩＢＡ）及吲哚乙酸（ＩＡＡ）等的促侧根形成具有明显的加合效应,进一步对其侧根原基形成过程中内源激素含量进行测定。结果表明,这与ＪＡ－Ｍｅ配合处理迅速降低根中内源［玉米素核苷（ＺＲｅ）＋异戊烯腺嘌呤（ｉＰＡｓ）］／ＩＡＡ的比值有关。     

Early development and enlargement of wheat floret primordia suggest a role of partitioning within spike to grain set

Spike grain number, a major component in the yield of wheat, is suspected of being determined by the sudden death of most of the initiated floret primordia, which occurs at around booting. By counting twice weekly the number of floret primordia in the middle and top spikelets, the onset time for the death of floret primordia (T_d) was assessed in six genotypes of differing earliness and fertility subjected to three treatments that were applied during stem elongation. The variation in T_d was positively correlated with overall earliness, as well as with spike fertility. Ovary development and enlargement were quantified in eight specified positions within the spikes, but T_d could not be assigned to a developmental stage attained by any ovary. Development and enlargement were very strongly correlated with each other throughout the floret lifetime, yet with significant effects of genotype, treatment and position within spikes. In each position within a spike, the proportion of florets that set a grain correlated to the initial delay of development as compared to the most advanced floret (r² = 0.64), but this correlation was severely biased by genotype and the floret position effect. Better correlations were obtained with either the development or width of each ovary at T_d, thus highlighting the role of the preceding phase. The best prediction (r² = 0.93) was obtained from the ratio of ovary width to that of the most advanced floret at T_d. The importance of this width ratio emphasized the role of partitioning in grain set: only florets able to divert nutrients survived after T_d and eventually set a grain. This relationship was no longer biased by floret position, while some remaining variability due to genotype suggested potential for plant breeding: width ratios at T_d were generally related to the growth duration of various primordia, as well as to their relative growth rate.     

鸭梨同源异型突变株的花器官分析

以20a树龄同一梨园中1株能稳定遗传的花器官变异鸭梨和普通鸭梨为试材,采用形态观测法进行了花芽发育、花粉萌发率、表观形态等方面的研究分析。结果表明:该突变株的花发育与普通植株花的正常发育最明显的差别在于花器官花瓣完全或部分缺失、雄蕊相应增多;花瓣对应位置的雄蕊花丝粗、花药大;花粉萌发率高;部分特化的花瓣上着生有花药。根据试验结果,推断该突变株可能是梨的花同源异型突变株,控制花器官发育的B功能区发生了突变引起花器官异常。该突变株为进一步认识植物花发育的内在调控机制、研究花的发育机理提供了可能。     

棉花去雄授粉简易器械研制和杂交制种技术研究

棉花去雄钳、授粉指套、集粉袋的研制，为棉花杂交种籽商品花开辟了一条有效的新途径，与常规手工去雄杂交制经较，去雄速度提高2倍，成铃数提高117．8％，铃重提高12－20％，每铃种籽粒数增加5．1粒，用红叶指示性状鉴定异交率为97．1％－97．5％，采用该方法配套技术，大田示范杂交制种效果表明，制种田不减产，每人每天杂交成铃700－900个，生产F0代杂交种籽1．87kg，每亩母本产杂交种籽34kg.     

甘薯组(Section Batatas)A系列与B系列种间杂种植株形态变异观察

通过甘薯组 A 系列野生种 I.triloba(2n=30)和 B 系列栽培种甘薯(J.batatas)(2n=90)种间杂交的胚珠培养获得种间杂种植株。对杂种植株生物学特性观察发现:①杂种植株在叶形、叶色、茎粗细、生根习性、开花习性和抗寒性等方面均产生变异。②杂种植株的花器中,雌雄蕊结构发生变异,全部花朵没有出现雄蕊,雌蕊却有1～5枚。③杂种植株体细胞染色体数目变动于2n=27—56范围内,观察平均数为2n=37.25,可确定种间杂种为混倍体。